ESRJ

مطالعه و روش های ممکنه کنترول کرم نقبزن برګ بادنجان رومی

محمد حامد عثمانخیل — 2025-03-19

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important and widely grown vegetable crops in the world, because of its high economic value and more demand. It is produced by small, medium and large scale farmers for the purpose of business income and/or household consumption. Tomato leaf minor (Tuta absoluta) is the most hazardous pest of tomato all over the world. This is one of the major and key pests of the Salicaceae family. T.absoluta attacks all aerial parts of the host plants, including leaves, fruits, stems, and rarely roots. This pest is a quarantine pest that has outspread recently in Afghanistan and can destroy 80-100 percent of the tomato crop. This pest was first reported from Kandahar and currently spread in several provinces, including Kabul. Various methods like quarantine, cultural, physical, biological, chemical can be used for control of the pest. Due to excessive use of chemical pesticides, pests are gaining resistance power and pesticides are becoming less effective to control them. Reliance on chemical control and repeated unnecessary application of insecticides, in addition to creating resistance, causes environmental pollution and poisoning of products, which is completely harmful to human. This review article provides information about identification, life cycle, nature of damage and different control measures to combating against of this pest in open areas and greenhouses.

روش‌ها و اصول تولید بونسای در نباتات

مسعود سعید — 2025-03-19

Young trees, shrubs, and vines can be manipulated and trained to grow in a way that mimics the miniature form of a mature plant. The technique of plant miniaturization is known as Bonsai, which originated in China and Japan. A Bonsai tree can live for over a hundred years. One of the key elements in Bonsai design is giving the plant an aged appearance, reflecting the effects of weather and natural conditions. The process of making a plant look old is called Jin. Pruning and fertilization are two essential activities for the successful management of Bonsai cultivation. Both the shoots and roots of the plant must be regularly and consistently pruned to achieve the desired shape and to control the plant’s growth. Bonsai trees are generally cultivated for outdoor environments. Therefore, when used indoors, the necessary and suitable environmental conditions must be provided to ensure their proper growth and development.

بررسی تأثیر ترکیب کود نایتروجن و کود ارگانیک بر رشد و حاصل کچالو

محمد شفیق فایق — 2025-03-19

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the main tuber crops and plays an important role in global food security. The production of potatoes is mainly influenced by the use of fertilizers, but soil degradation remains a major challenge for its productivity. Organic and mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, are essential for improving the growth and yield of potatoes. However, research on the combined effects of organic and nitrogen fertilizers on potatoes is limited. The aim of this review is to explore the gaps in the use of organic and nitrogen fertilizers and their effects on potato growth and yield, in order to provide strategies to improve productivity and quality. This study uses reliable global scientific sources and official reports from ministries and organizations to gather and analyze data. Organic fertilizers, because of their humus content and ability to improve soil structure and retain moisture, along with nitrogen fertilizers, which provide faster nutrients, have a significant impact on potato growth and quality. Additionally, the combined use of both fertilizers can not only improve crop performance but also help maintain soil sustainability and reduce negative environmental impacts. Despite challenges such as the need for large amounts of organic fertilizers and difficulties in obtaining them, using both organic and mineral fertilizers together can help increase productivity and maintain environmental sustainability.

تحلیل منابع عمده عواید و مصارف دهاقین ولایت کابل

نورالله حلیمزی — 2025-03-19

This study examines the income sources and expenditure patterns of farmers in the four districts of Kabul province: Paghman, Shakar Dara, Kalakan, Mirbacha Kot. The main objective of the research is to identify the factors affecting farmers' income and expenditures and to propose solutions for improving their economic situation. The study employed a survey method, collecting data through interviews and questionnaires. The findings reveal that farmers' incomes primarily come from agriculture and secondary activities such as livestock farming and wage labor, while their expenditures include living and production costs. Challenges such as limited access to improved seeds, water shortages, and high production costs have negatively impacted farmers' income and economic sustainability. Based on the findings, improving access to agricultural inputs, developing irrigation systems, enhancing farmers' skills, and strengthening market access are among the proposed strategies to increase farmers' incomes and reduce their expenses, ultimately contributing to the economic improvement and sustainable agricultural development in the region.

مطالعه تاثیر مقادیر مختلف کود دای امونیم فاسفیت بالای حاصل گندم بهاری در شرایط اقلیمی کابل

محمد حکیم عثمانی — 2025-03-19

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop of the cold season and is considered one of the most significant food crops worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate amount of diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer on yield and agronomic characteristics of spring wheat under the climatic conditions of Kabul.

In this study, five different treatments (application rates) of DAP fertilizer were used: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg per hectare. The research was conducted during the years 2018 and 2019 at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, and the botanical garden area. A Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used in the experiment.The results of this study showed that the application of DAP fertilizer had a significant impact on plant height, number of tillers, number of spikes, 1000-grain weight, and yield. The highest plant height (84.5 cm) was observed in the fifth treatment (120 kg/ha), while the lowest plant height (66.5 cm) was recorded in the control treatment. According to the results, the highest number of tillers (512) was obtained in the fifth treatment (120 kg/ha), whereas the lowest number of tillers was observed in the control treatment. Similarly, the highest 1000-grain weight (40 g) was recorded in the fifth treatment, while the lowest (34 g) was obtained from the zero-fertilizer treatment.

د شولو پر اوبولو د اوبو سپموونکو اوبولو طريقو اغېزې

محمد صادق صالحي — 2025-03-19

Traditional flood irrigation (FI) in rice cultivation results in significant water loss, while climate change has exacerbated water resource limitations, posing serious challenges to rice production. To address this issue, various water-saving irrigation techniques have been developed, including Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), Drip Irrigation (DI), Furrow Irrigation (FI), Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI), and Alternate Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation (APRDI). This study aims to evaluate and compare these irrigation methods to identify the most efficient approaches for enhancing water use efficiency in rice farming. The findings indicate that drip irrigation can reduce water consumption by 64% and improve water use efficiency by 63% compared to conventional flood irrigation. The results of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and agricultural stakeholders to implement sustainable irrigation strategies and optimize water management in rice production.