Main Article Content
Abstract (in English)
The main causes of low agricultural productivity include the use of traditional farming methods, limited access to modern technologies, inefficient water management, lack of improved seed varieties, and insufficient investment in the agricultural sector. These factors directly and negatively affect food security and the economic conditions of rural communities. This study is based on a qualitative analytical and descriptive approach using secondary data obtained from credible national and international sources. The findings indicate that investment in modern agriculture—including the use of improved seed varieties, expansion of agricultural mechanization, modern irrigation systems, greenhouse production, and strengthened agricultural extension services—can significantly increase agricultural productivity, improve food security, raise farmers’ incomes, and reduce unemployment rates. In conclusion, sustainable rural development in Afghanistan requires the transformation of traditional agriculture into a modern, market-oriented, and technology-driven system. Therefore, targeted and long-term investment in modern agriculture is considered a fundamental requirement for ensuring economic stability and achieving rural development in the country.