Main Article Content
Abstract (in English)
The aim of this review article is to explore and assess various effective solutions for weed control in wheat fields. By analyzing existing research and practices, this article seeks to provide valuable insights that can assist in developing better strategies to manage weed competition, improve wheat yields, and contribute to food security. The data utilized in this review were sourced from reputable databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. The findings indicate that weed infestation is a major challenge to wheat production, significantly reducing crop yields. Wheat crops are affected by a variety of weed species, including grass, sedges, and broadleaf plants. While many farmers rely on chemical herbicides due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency, overuse can lead to herbicide-resistant weeds and environmental harm. Other control methods, however, may incur higher costs. As a result, there is a growing need for more sustainable, environmentally friendly weed management strategies to reduce damage and minimize yield losses. Chemical weed control, although effective, must be complemented with cultural and mechanical methods, which offer rational weed suppression and yield improvement, especially in organic farming systems. Integrated Weed Management (IWM), which combines multiple practices such as appropriate sowing methods, optimal sowing times, correct seed rates, suitable crop varieties, and proper fertilizer and herbicide application, presents a holistic approach to weed control. Additionally, proper farm implements, and crop rotation play a crucial role in managing weed populations. In regions with labor shortages, such as highland agro-ecosystems, herbicidal weed management remains essential to improve wheat productivity. However, a balanced approach integrating chemical, mechanical, and cultural methods is necessary for effective weed management, particularly when labor is scarce. To optimize weed management and sustain wheat yields, further research and location-specific experiments are needed to provide accurate recommendations. Ultimately, the adoption of IWM approaches will contribute to more effective and environmentally responsible weed control strategies.