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Abstract (in English)
Climate change severely threatens global agriculture through rising temperatures, droughts, soil salinity, and irregular rainfall, leading to reduced yields and food insecurity. Plant biotechnology provides an effective solution to enhance crop resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses. Modern approaches such as genetic engineering, genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9), and marker-assisted selection (MAS) enable the development of stress-tolerant varieties adapted to drought, heat, and salinity. The use of beneficial microorganisms—such as rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves nutrient uptake, growth, and environmental adaptation. Moreover, biotechnology enhances nutrient-use efficiency and carbon sequestration, contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable farming systems. Despite challenges including biosafety concerns, high costs, and limited public acceptance, successful cases like Bt cotton, Golden Rice, and drought-tolerant maize highlight biotechnology’s vital role in climate change adaptation. Achieving sustainable, climate-resilient agriculture requires close collaboration among biotechnologists, climate scientists, policymakers, and farmers to ensure global food security and environmental stability.