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Abstract (in English)
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a major oil-producing crop worldwide, valued for its adaptability, yield potential, and seed quality. This study investigated the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and trait associations of 85 rapeseed cultivars from different geographical regions. Genetic variation was assessed using 5,058 SNP markers and ITS region sequences, and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using MEGA-X and PowerMarker, resulting in twelve distinct genetic clusters that largely reflected geographical origin and breeding history. Phenotypic evaluations included key agronomic traits (e.g., plant height, silique number, 1000-seed weight) and seed quality traits (e.g., oil, protein, and glucosinolate content). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine significant differences among clusters (P < 0.01). Results showed substantial variation in both agronomic and seed quality traits: Cluster 8 had the highest oil content, while Cluster 1 had the highest protein content. An inverse relationship between oil and protein content was observed, indicating a trade-off between these traits. These findings demonstrate that integrating SNP- and ITS-based molecular markers with phenotypic evaluation effectively identifies genetic relationships and trait variation, providing a robust framework for marker-assisted selection, germplasm improvement, and future breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield, seed quality, and environmental adaptation in Brassica napus.