Main Article Content
Abstract (in English)
Livestock production plays a key role in Afghanistan’s agriculture, rural livelihoods, and food security; however, productivity remains below regional and global averages. This review examines how improved management practices and modern technologies can enhance livestock production under Afghanistan’s socio-economic and agro-ecological conditions. Relevant peer-reviewed publications, reports of international organizations, and national policy documents were reviewed. The analysis focused on feeding and nutrition, animal health, housing and welfare, genetic improvement, record keeping, and digital livestock technologies. The review indicates that low-quality feed resources, limited veterinary services, poor infrastructure, and low genetic potential are major constraints to livestock development. Evidence suggests that balanced feeding, improved housing, community-based breeding programs, and digital management tools can increase milk and meat production, improve reproductive performance, reduce disease incidence and mortality, and enhance animal welfare and farm efficiency. However, adoption remains limited due to financial, institutional, infrastructural, and sociocultural barriers. The study concludes that integrating improved management practices with locally adapted technologies, supported by effective policies, capacity building, and public–private partnerships, is essential for sustainable livestock development and improved rural livelihoods in Afghanistan.