Main Article Content
Abstract (in English)
Artificial insemination (AI) is one of the most important assisted reproductive technologies in the poultry industry, playing an effective role in improving fertility, genetic improvement, and reducing the costs associated with maintaining males. In this narrative review article, a total of 84 scientific papers were retrieved from reputable international databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, as well as domestic sources. After screening, removal of duplicates, and full-text evaluation, 65 relevant articles were included in the study. According to the findings, roosters produce on average 0.1 to 1.5 mL of semen per ejaculation, with a mean volume of approximately 0.6 mL, whereas the semen volume collected using the abdominal massage method is typically reported to be in the range of 0.25 to 0.28 ± 0.14 mL. The sperm concentration in the semen of domestic roosters generally varies between 3,000 and 7,000 × 10⁶ spermatozoa per milliliter, and semen pH is most often within the range of 7.0 to 7.4, which is considered optimal for maintaining sperm motility and fertilizing capacity. In vaginal insemination, which is regarded as the most common and effective method of insemination in poultry, the semen volume used is usually less than 0.1 mL, and each insemination dose should contain at least 100 to 200 million viable spermatozoa. Studies have shown that the use of appropriate extenders can preserve poultry semen for up to 24 hours without a significant reduction in sperm viability and fertilizing ability. Overall, the results of this review indicate that artificial insemination, when proper techniques are applied, appropriate semen doses are selected, and standard extenders are used, can significantly enhance reproductive efficiency, biosecurity, and economic effectiveness in laying hens.