Main Article Content
Abstract (in English)
Agriculture is a cornerstone of Afghanistan’s economy, rural livelihoods, and national food security. Despite its importance, crop productivity in the country remains low due to a combination of interrelated constraints, including climatic variability, land degradation, limited access to quality agricultural inputs, and continued dependence on traditional seed varieties. Among available agricultural interventions, improved seed varieties are widely regarded as a key technological option for enhancing crop yields and strengthening resilience to both biotic and abiotic stresses. This review article synthesizes the existing body of literature on the role and impacts of improved seed varieties on crop productivity in Afghanistan. It examines the structure of crop production systems, patterns of varietal adoption among farmers, and the documented effects of improved seeds on yield performance, production stability, and food security outcomes. The review also analyzes the major constraints limiting the widespread dissemination and adoption of improved seed varieties, including weaknesses in seed systems, institutional limitations, and policy-related challenges. In addition, it identifies opportunities for strengthening the seed sector through targeted policy support, research investment, and institutional development. Overall, the evidence indicates that improved seed varieties have made an important contribution to increasing agricultural productivity, enhancing stress tolerance, and improving food availability in Afghanistan. However, their potential remains insufficiently realized because of persistent systemic and structural barriers.