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Abstract (in English)
Global food security is increasingly challenged by population growth, climate change, and diminishing natural resources. Genetically modified and genome-edited crops have emerged as promising tools for enhancing crop productivity, improving resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and enriching the nutritional quality of staple foods. This narrative review examines current evidence on the role of these technologies in yield improvement, pest and disease resistance, stress tolerance, and biofortification, with a particular focus on recent advances in CRISPR-based genome editing. It also discusses the opportunities and constraints associated with their contribution to sustainable food systems. Despite their considerable potential, the successful deployment of these technologies depends on enabling regulatory environments, societal acceptance, and equitable access for smallholder farmers. Plant biotechnology therefore represents an important component of integrated approaches to achieving global food and nutritional security.