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Abstract (in English)
Climate change is increasingly undermining global agricultural production and food security through rising temperatures, prolonged drought, heat stress, and the growing prevalence of plant diseases. Plant biotechnology offers powerful opportunities to enhance crop resilience to these environmental constraints. This review examines the role of advanced biotechnological approaches, including CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, genetic engineering, marker-assisted selection, and genomic selection, in the development of climate-resilient crop varieties. These tools facilitate the precise identification and improvement of genes associated with stress tolerance and adaptive performance. In addition, molecular and physiological mechanisms such as transcriptional regulation, heat shock responses, osmoprotectant accumulation, and antioxidant activity are central to plant adaptation under climatic stress. The integration of these modern technologies with conventional breeding and sustainable crop management practices represents a robust strategy for producing high-yielding and stress-tolerant crops, thereby supporting long-term agricultural sustainability and global food security.