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Abstract (in English)
Hatchability is a key indicator of reproductive efficiency and economic performance in poultry production. This narrative review synthesizes existing evidence on the major factors affecting poultry egg hatchability, with particular emphasis on fertility, genetic background, disease control, egg quality and selection, nutrition, and egg storage and incubation conditions. The reviewed evidence indicates that fertility is a fundamental determinant of hatchability, while genetic background can influence reproductive performance, with crossbreeding sometimes improving hatchability through heterosis and inbreeding being associated with reduced embryo viability. Disease and inadequate biosecurity may impair fertility and increase embryonic mortality, whereas appropriate egg selection, adequate maternal nutrition, and proper incubation management contribute to embryo survival and chick quality. Overall, hatchability is a multifactorial outcome, and sustainable improvement requires an integrated approach combining effective reproductive management, genetic improvement, disease prevention, appropriate egg selection, balanced nutrition, and proper storage and environmental control. Future research should focus on context-specific and cost-effective strategies, particularly breed-specific approaches and integrated management practices suitable for smallholder and low-input poultry production systems.